Showing posts with label India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label India. Show all posts
Friday, 27 September 2019
Thursday, 29 August 2019
Indian Independence
Indian Independence
A common story of all freedom fighters in chronological order.
Rebellion of 1857
10 May 1857 at Meerut | Mangal Pandey
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is an another name of the "Indian Mutiny" where Indian soldiers working in British army refuse to obey the orders. Intersting fact is there were 3,00,000 Indian soldiers compare to 50,000 British troops. This was North India's First attempt to get Independence. It started on 10 May 1857 at Meerut when Mangal Pandey attacked British officer.End of the East India Company, 1858
Empress of India - Queen Victoria
The Rebellion of 1857 was foundation of Indian Independence. British never imagined such a strong opposition from their own soldiers( offcourse Indian soldiers working under British Army). Although British Army suppressed the rebellions in June 1958, but still the Parliament of the United Kingdom removed the right of the British East India Company to rule India in November 1858. The United Kingdom decided to rule India directly through the Governor General (Viceroy). Thus, it included India as a part of the British Empire. Later, Queen Victoria used to call Empress of India. .
Formation of INC, December 1885
Founder of INC - A.O. Hume
British Empire came into existence after Rebellion of 1857. The Governor-General wanted to improve the governance of India with the participation of English-educated Indians. During same time, Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer Allan Octavian Hume (also known as A.O. Hume) thought to form a group of educated Indians to discuss civil and political situation of India in British Empire. Thus, on 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress (INC) was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance..Partition of Bengal, July 1905
Governor-General - Lord Curzon
Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General of British Raj, ordered the partition of Bengal in July 1905. He justified the partition for improvements in administrative efficiency in the huge region covering Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. However, the Indians took partition as an attempt to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region.. Arrival of Mahatma Gandhi, 1915
Gandhi, who?
Mahatma Gandhi studied from UCL Faculty of Law at London. After completing his studies, he went to South Africa to be the lawyer for Abdullah's cousin. He spent 21 years in South Africa. Gandhi returned to India on 9 January 1915. Gopal Krishna Gokhale became Gandhi's mentor.Jallianwala Bagh Genocide, April 1919
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer
After World War I, British tried to bring reforms in India in 1917. The positive impact of reform was seriously undermined in 1919 by the Rowlatt Act recommendation made by the Rowlatt Committee. The main purpose of Rowlatt Act was to analyse the war-time conspiracies by nationalist. It gave super powers to Viceroy like detaining political activists and arresting people without warrant. to oppose Rowlatt Act, a nationwide hartal (cessation of work) was called by activist. The agitation lead to Jallianwala Bagh massacre (or Amritsar Massacre) on 13 April 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. The British military commander, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, blocked the main, and only entrance, and ordered his soldiers to fire into an unarmed and unsuspecting crowd of some 15,000 men, women, and children. The Non-Cooperation Movement, 1920-1922
Swadeshi movement
The Non-Cooperation Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre from 1 August 1920 to February 1922. The main objective was to resist British rule by non-violent (Ahinsa). People opted domestic products instead of British goods. The movement was withdrawn after Chauri Chaura incident where protesters clashed with police. Police opened the fire on protesters and in retaliation protesters set the fire in police station.Purna Swaraj, 19 December 1929
Bhagat Singh and Indian National Congress
The Purna Swaraj (or declaration of the Independence of India) was announced by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929. Some sources suggest, Bhagat singh was the first person who gave call for Purna Swaraj (total Independence). This declaration made the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for one mission that is Purna Swaraj (complete self-rule). Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted Indian flag on 31 December 1929 on the banks of Ravi river, in Lahore, Pakistan. the congress announced to celebrate Indian Independence on 26th January. Azad hind Fauj, 1942
All India Forward Bloc
Subhas Chandra Bose was against India's involvement in World War I. He resigned from Congress due to differences in opinion with Gandhi. He created a separate group called Forward Bloc, later called All India Forward Bloc. British authorities placed Bose in house arrest but he escaped to his way through Afghanistan to Nazi Germany to seek Hitler and Mussolini's help for raising an army to fight the British. Hitler advised Bose to go to Japan. In Japan, Bose formed the Azad Hind Army with the help of Japan. Azad Hind Fauj (along with Japanese 15th Army) fought against British Army and captured Andaman and Nicobar islands. INA failed due to poor resources and surrendered to British Army. Bose escaped to Japanese-held Manchuria and thus, entire Azad Hind movement ended.Quit India Movement, August 1942
Do or Die
Bharat Chhodo Andolan Bharat Chhodo Andolan (or Quit India Movement) was a civil disobedience movement. On 8 August 1942, the Quit India resolution was passed at the Mumbai session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC). Mahatma Gandhi gave a slogan "Do or Die !" for immediate self rule. Gandhi urged Indian's to leave their job's and join the movement. Congress led the movement and demanded the transfer of political power from British. The Quit India Movement turned out a failure and lasted till 1943. Partition of India and Pakistan, June 1947
India got Independence on 15 August 1947 at 12:02 AM
Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced partition of British India into India and Pakistan on 2 June 1947. India celebrated the Independence on 15 August 1947 at 12:02 AM whereas Pakistan celebrated on 14 August. Jawaharlal Nehru became first Prime Minister. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became dupty prime minister who bought 565 princely states into Union of India. On June 1948, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari replaced Mountbatten as Governor General of India.Friday, 23 August 2019
Sunday, 11 August 2019
Saturday, 10 August 2019
Monday, 18 February 2019
Gk Questions on Indian Independence 3
Indian Independence
On 3 June 1947, Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced the partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan. With the speedy passage through the British Parliament of the Indian Independence Act 1947, at 11:57 on 14 August 1947 Pakistan was declared a separate nation, and at 12:02, just after midnight, on 15 August 1947, India also became a sovereign and democratic nation. Eventually, 15 August became the Independence Day for India, due to the ending of British rule over India. On that 15 August, both Pakistan and India had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the British Commonwealth. In 1949, India decided to remain in the commonwealth.
Question 1: Who is the author of the National Anthem of India?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
"Jana Gana Mana" is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by poet Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes approximately fifty-two seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. It was first publicly sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta (now, Kolkata) Session of the Indian National Congress.A separate poem, Vande Mataram, was created "national song" of India during both the colonial period and after independence in 1956.
Question 2: What does the blue wheel that appears in the Indian national flag stand for?
Answer: The wheel of law of justice
The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. The Ashoka Chakra in the center of the white part is the wheel of law or dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, this wheel denotes motion. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the Dominion of India on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" (Hindi: Tiranga) almost always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya.
Question 3: Who was the Lal in Lal, Bal, Pal?
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
Lal Bal Pal (Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal) were a triumvirate of assertive nationalists in British-ruled India in the early 20th century, from 1906 to 1918. They advocated the Swadeshi movement involving the boycott of all imported items and the use of Indian-made goods in 1907 during the anti-Partition agitation in Bengal which began in 1905.they make a start for radical or extremist movement.
Question 4: The first Indian National Army was lead by?
Answer: Capt Mohan Singh
Mohan Singh (1909 – 1989) was an Indian military officer and member of the Indian Independence Movement best known for his role in organising and leading the First Indian National Army in South East Asia during World War II. Following Indian independence, Mohan Singh later served in public life as a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) of the Indian Parliament.
Question 5: Who is known as the Nightingale of India?
Answer: Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian independence activist and poet. She was born in a Bengali Hindu family at Hyderabad and was educated in Chennai, London and Cambridge. She married Dr. Govindarajulu Naidu and settled down in Hyderabad. She took part in the National Movement, became a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and fought for the attainment of Swaraj. She became the President of Indian National Congress and later she was appointed to the Governor of the United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh. Known as the 'Nightingale of India', she was also a noted poet. Her poetry includes children's poems, nature poems, patriotic poems and poems of love and death. She also wrote poetry in praise of Muslim figures like Imam Hussain.
Question 6: What was the name of the magazine published by M.K. Gandhi?
Answer: Young India
Young India was a weekly paper or journal in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931.[1] Gandhi wrote various quotations in this journal that inspired many. He used Young India to spread his unique ideology and thoughts regarding the use of nonviolence in organising movements and to urge readers to consider, organise, and plan for India's eventual independence from Britain.
In 1933 Gandhiji started publishing a weekly newspaper, Harijan, in English. Harijan - which means "People of God", and was also Gandhi's term for the untouchable caste - lasted until 1948. During this time Gandhi also published Harijan Bandu in Gujarati, and Harijan Sevak in Hindi. All three papers focused on India's and the world's social and economic problems
Question 7: Who was the founder president of 'Ghadar Party'?
Answer: Sohan Singh Bhakna
The Ghadar Party (Punjabi: ਗ਼ਦਰ ਪਾਰਟੀ) was an Indian revolutionary organisation primarily founded by Punjabis.[1] The party was multi-ethnic and had Sikh, Hindu and Muslim leaders. The party was headquartered in San Francisco, United States. Key members included Bhai Parmanand, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Bhagwan Singh Gyanee,Har Dayal, Mohammad Iqbal Shedai, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Sulaman Choudhary, Aamir Choudhary, Rashbehari Bose and Gulab Kaur
Question 8: Who wrote the famous book 'India Wins Freedom'?
Answer: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
"Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad" (11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. He is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran.
Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education). His contribution to establishing the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as "National Education Day" across India
Question 9: Who put forward the theory of 'Drain of Wealth'?
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader.
Naoroji is also credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress, along with A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India[2] brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was also a member of the Second International along with Kautsky and Plekhanov .
Question 10: In which year the First Round Table Conference was held?
Answer: First Round Table Conference (November 1930 – January 1931)
The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in December 1932. First Round Table Conference (November 1930 – January 1931), Second Round Table Conference (September – December 1931) and Third Round Table Conference (November – December 1932).
These conferences were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong. Mahatma Gandhi, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, Srinivasa, Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan and Mirabehn are key participants from India. By the 1930s, many British politicians believed that India needed to move towards dominion status. The key topic was about constitution and India which was mainly discussed in that conference.
Saturday, 16 February 2019
GK Questions on India Independence Day
Indian Independence
The Indian independence movement was a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Raj and encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Raj (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent. The movement spanned a total of 90 years (1857–1947) considering movement against British Indian Empire. The Indian Independence movement includes both protest (peaceful and non-violent) and militant (violent) mechanisms to root out British Administration from India.
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| Red Fort, Delhi |
General Knowledge Questions on Indian Independence
Question 1: When and where Rani Laxmi Bai, queen of Jhanzi, was killed in fighting with British?
Answer: Gwalior on 17 June 1858.
Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi 19 November 1828 – 18 June 1858), was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi in North India currently present in Jhansi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj for Indian nationalists.
Question 2: When the Quit India Movement was started?
Answer: August 1942
The Quit India Movement, or the 'August Movement', was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India
Question 3: Who was Subhas Chandra Bose?
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.
Question 4: When the Salt March (Dandi March) and civil disobedience started?
Answer: 12 March to 6 April 1930
The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 24-day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started this march with 78 of his trusted volunteers. Walking ten miles a day for 24 days, the march spanned over 240 miles.
Question 5: When was the first uprising against the British East India Company’s rule?
Answer: 1857 in Merrut, North India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi)
Question 6: Who was Mangal Pandey?
Answer: Mangal Pandey (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857) was an Indian soldier who played a key part in events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was a sepoy (sipahi) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the British East India Company. While contemporary British opinion denounced him as a traitor and mutineer, Pandey is a hero in modern India. In 1984, the Indian government issued a postage stamp to remember him.
Question 7: Who was last emperor of India?
Answer: Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II
Question 8: Who first embrace Swaraj?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people (as their leader)".
Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Answer: 1905
The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Curzon. The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The Hindus of West Bengal who dominated Bengal's business and rural life complained that the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa. Hindus were outraged at what they saw as a "divide and rule" policy (where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule), even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency. The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization on communal lines. In order to appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy and the growing belief among Hindus that east Bengal would have its own courts and policies.
Question 10: When Mahatmma Gandhi was born?
Answer: 2 October 1869
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatmma ("high-souled") – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.
Question 11: What is Satyagraha?
Answer: Satyagraha ("insistence for truth" or "holding firmly to") or holding onto truth or truth force – is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practices satyagraha is a satyagrahi.
The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948). He deployed satyagraha in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, and many other social justice and similar movements.
Question 12: Who gave Gandhi a title of Mahatma?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
Question 13: When the first non-cooperation movement started in India?
Answer: 1 August 1920
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant but short phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or "Ahimsa". Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and non-violence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.
Question 14: Who was the Governor-General of India at the time of Independence?
Answer: Viscount Louis Mountbatten
The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over Fort William, but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British India was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the "Governor-General of India".
Question 15: Who was the last Governor-General of India?
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born governor-general, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
Question 16: Who was first President of India?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad (3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963) was the first President of India, in office from 1952 to 1962. He was an Indian political leader, and lawyer by training, Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement and became a major leader from the region of Bihar. A supporter of Mahatma Gandhi, Prasad was imprisoned by British authorities during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931 and the Quit India movement of 1942. After the 1946 elections, Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government. Upon independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which prepared the Constitution of India and served as its provisional parliament.
Question 17: Who was Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage.Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by many historians as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance.
Answer: Gwalior on 17 June 1858.
Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi 19 November 1828 – 18 June 1858), was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi in North India currently present in Jhansi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and became a symbol of resistance to the British Raj for Indian nationalists.
Question 2: When the Quit India Movement was started?
Answer: August 1942
The Quit India Movement, or the 'August Movement', was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India
Question 3: Who was Subhas Chandra Bose?
Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. The honorific Netaji (Hindustani: "Respected Leader"), first applied in early 1942 to Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India.
Question 4: When the Salt March (Dandi March) and civil disobedience started?
Answer: 12 March to 6 April 1930
The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi (now in Gujarat), as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 24-day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started this march with 78 of his trusted volunteers. Walking ten miles a day for 24 days, the march spanned over 240 miles.
Question 5: When was the first uprising against the British East India Company’s rule?
Answer: 1857 in Merrut, North India.
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 miles northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi)
Question 6: Who was Mangal Pandey?
Answer: Mangal Pandey (19 July 1827 – 8 April 1857) was an Indian soldier who played a key part in events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was a sepoy (sipahi) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the British East India Company. While contemporary British opinion denounced him as a traitor and mutineer, Pandey is a hero in modern India. In 1984, the Indian government issued a postage stamp to remember him.
Question 7: Who was last emperor of India?
Answer: Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II
Question 8: Who first embrace Swaraj?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people (as their leader)".
Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Question 9: When Partition of Bengal happened?
Answer: 1905
The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Curzon. The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The Hindus of West Bengal who dominated Bengal's business and rural life complained that the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa. Hindus were outraged at what they saw as a "divide and rule" policy (where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule), even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency. The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization on communal lines. In order to appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy and the growing belief among Hindus that east Bengal would have its own courts and policies.
Question 10: When Mahatmma Gandhi was born?
Answer: 2 October 1869
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatmma ("high-souled") – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.
Question 11: What is Satyagraha?
Answer: Satyagraha ("insistence for truth" or "holding firmly to") or holding onto truth or truth force – is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practices satyagraha is a satyagrahi.
The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948). He deployed satyagraha in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, and many other social justice and similar movements.
Question 12: Who gave Gandhi a title of Mahatma?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
Question 13: When the first non-cooperation movement started in India?
Answer: 1 August 1920
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant but short phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or "Ahimsa". Protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and non-violence, and Gandhi's ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer of 1920. Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.
Question 14: Who was the Governor-General of India at the time of Independence?
Answer: Viscount Louis Mountbatten
The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over Fort William, but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British India was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the "Governor-General of India".
Question 15: Who was the last Governor-General of India?
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, historian and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the first Indian-born governor-general, since before him the posts were held by British nationals. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
Question 16: Who was first President of India?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad (3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963) was the first President of India, in office from 1952 to 1962. He was an Indian political leader, and lawyer by training, Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement and became a major leader from the region of Bihar. A supporter of Mahatma Gandhi, Prasad was imprisoned by British authorities during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931 and the Quit India movement of 1942. After the 1946 elections, Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government. Upon independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which prepared the Constitution of India and served as its provisional parliament.
Question 17: Who was Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage.Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by many historians as the "Father of the Indian Renaissance.
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